Verb Phrase Analysis From an Opinion Article

Facial Recognition Development

1.1 Background

Technology nowadays has a fast development, one of them was facial recognition technology which is currently being a technology trend that is widely developed by many technology companies. This technology is claimed to have many benefits such as for the security of mobile devices, as in this case, the permissions on smartphones, access bank accounts, or other privacy that related with digital things. Face Recognition offered some features with faster and more superior features of fingerprint because the process is accurate, fast, and practical.

Not only can be used for digital transactions or privacy security, this technology has many benefits that can be applied in many fields. For example in China, they have used facial recognition technology for registered the young men and young women who would married. This technology is named "Chongqing marriage and Adltion Registration Management Center or CMARMC". This technology works for the identification of the person and the household registration by recording the face of the registrants. If the system already records the registrant's face, the system automatically checks the information from the bureau of public security database [1]. In my opinion, this application of facial recognition technology is fairly unique and good. With the existence of this technology, the citizen who will going to married and get a marriage certificate will be facilitated without having to carry lot of documents that used as a requirement to register. It is also possible that this technology is designed to avoid crimes that lodge marriage documents by faking their identity only to get a marriage certificate with easy, because although the registrants has a facial surgery or they are twins, their identity still can be detected by the system. This could be categorized as a movement by the Chinese government to improve their E-Government services. Due to the existence of this system, their citizen become easier to get the best service of their government.

There are also other fields that used this facial recognition technology, that in the Olympic field. For example in Japan, they applied this facial recognition system to the Olympic event. This system was developed by NEC Corp, which is used as a good security system to reduce the problem of ID loss or ID card faking to entering the Olympics event. In my opinion, the existence of this system will accelerate the access for having in and out of the athletes, officers, and or the presses who want to going to various places in the Olympic places to record that event [2]. I think, this system can also help reduce the risk of crime. Because the system will certainly record all the faces of an athlete, an Olympic officer, or a press that will going back and forth at the Olympic places with storing their face record into the database, so that the chances of people unregistered in the Olympic activities are legally entitled, has reduced. This application of facial recognition is possibly followed by many developing countries to apply this technology to various fields, not only for the Olympic field. Moreover, in 2014 NEC Corp technology named NeoFace became a public discussion because they have helped the Chicago police of United States of America to tracking some criminal suspects.

With some of public conversations above, in my opinion, the development of facial recognition will be intensified to be a new good and accurate security or replace the existing security systems at this time, like fingerprint. As developed by FaceFirst, Inc. They are currently developing facial recognition technology as very well. They have conducted some trials related to their facial recognition technology at the national airport of Los Angeles, United States. This program worked by taking photographs of passenger faces while they were on the road or caught by camera of CCTV and compare with the photos that contained in their passport. So, I think this technology has a positive impact for use in airports, because with this technology, even if you change the appearance (or disguise) to do things for harm many people, you are still can be detected properly, accurately, and quickly.

But, behind the easy and excellent security that provided by this facial recognition technology, That does not mean that out there, there are many things that have a negative impact or tend to be misused by some people. Many people have expressed their concerns about this, they worried that the law enforcement or government will use this technology and make they have no more privacy. There also some people that concerned about the potential for racial bias from the use of this technology because facial recognition systems will tend to misidentify or fail to identify persons of black races [4]. In my opinion, all the technologies that have been discovered surely have a negative side that can be misused by some people. However, using this technology for the security purpose like FaceFirst, Inc. and NEC Corp has done, with the supervision by the governments with good and usable usage maybe can reduce the concerns or anxiety of people to protect their privacy.

1.2  THEORY

In English, the verb phrase is the locus of a wealth of information about the events, states, processes, etc. that a clause or sentence denotes. A verb phrase referring to an event, for example, may contain information about such crucial elements of meaning as whether we know the event to have happened, when the event took place, whether or not the event was completed, and other similar aspects of meaning.

ELEMENTS IN THE VERB PHRASE

The verb phrase consists exclusively of verbs. In most verb phrases, one verb, called the main verb, carries information about what kind of event, activity, state, etc. the verb phrase refers to. Other verbs in the verb phrase, called auxiliary verbs, contribute additional perspectives on the meaning of the verb phrase, relating, for example, to time and modality (possibility, necessity, volition, prediction). The following example illustrates the structure of a typical verb phrase.

Could	Have	Occured
Auxiliary	Auxiliary	Main verb

The main verb is the head of the verb phrase, just as a noun or pronoun is the head of a noun phrase.

In a verb phrase with more than one verb, the main verb always comes last.

In verb phrases that are marked for tense (present or past) the tense inflection is always attached to the first verb in the verb phrase. In the example above, the first auxiliary could is a past tense form (can would be the present tense form).

Not all verb phrases are marked for tense, however. Those that contain no present or past tense verb forms are referred to as non-finite verb phrases. Examples include infinitival verb phrases, and verb phrases introduced by present or past participles (-ing and -ed forms). The following clauses all start with a non-finite verb phrase.

    (1) To guarantee maximum security all user keys must be safely stored.

    (2) Having established peace throughout the region, the army returned to Rome.

    (3) Blinded by his misunderstanding of the data, Professor Jones refused to change his attitude towards more recent theories.

AUXILIARY VERBS

Auxiliary verbs offer a variety of perspectives on the event, state, etc. denoted by the main verb in the verb phrase. Traditionally, auxiliary verbs are divided into three subclasses; primary auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, and marginal (or semi-) auxiliary verbs. The division is based partly on meaning and partly on grammatical properties of the three types.

In addition to altering the meaning of a verb phrase, auxiliary verbs also play two important purely grammatical roles in English. First, they are necessary for forming clauses negated by not. Thus, when used to negate a clause, not must be placed immediately after an auxiliary verb, as illustrated in the following examples (with the verb phrases highlighted):

(1) Bill will leave very early in the morning.

(2) Bill will not leave very early in the morning.

If no auxiliary is present, English requires the insertion of do to fulfil this requirement:

(3) Bill liked his mother's new coat.

(impossible: *Bill liked not his mother's new coat.)

(4) Bill did not like his mother's new coat.

The second important grammatical role of auxiliaries is to switch places with the grammatical subject in most types of questions, as in the following examples, where Bill functions as the subject.

(5) Bill will leave very early in the morning.

(6) Will Bill leave early in the morning?

(7) When will Bill leave?

Again, if no auxiliary is present, English requires the insertion of a form of the verb do to form these types of questions:

(8) Bill liked his mother's new coat.

(9) Did Bill like his mother's new coat?

(10) What did Bill like?

MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

Modal auxiliary verbs express meanings such as obligation, possibility, necessity, etc., which reflect somebody's (often the writer's) attitudes towards the state, event, etc. expressed by the verb phrase. Often, it is difficult to pinpoint the exact type of meaning conveyed by a modal auxiliary, as different types of meaning may be present simultaneously. For example, among other things, the modal can may be used to express ability and possibility, as in the following examples:

(1) Bill can swim. (i.e. 'Bill has the ability to swim')

(2) The door can only be opened with a special key. (i.e. 'it is only possible to open the door with a special key')

Fairly often, however, it is difficult to claim that only one of these meaning is expressed:

(3) I can drive you to the airport tomorrow. ('I have the ability to drive you, e.g.  because I have a driver's licence' or 'It is possible for me to drive you, e.g. because I am free at the appropriate time')

Grammatical properties of modal auxiliaries

In addition to the the properties shared by all auxiliaries, modals are characterized by the following:

●       Modals have no non-finite forms (i.e. they have no infinitival or participial forms).

●       Modals have no inflected forms in the present tense (in particular, they have no 3rd person -s ending).

The fact that modals have no non-finite form limits the possibility to combine them with other auxiliaries. For example, they do not occur as the second verb in the perfect, in contrast with other auxiliaries, like be:

(3) *Bill has never could drive a car. (cf. Bill has never been kissed.)

In cases where a modal auxiliary is impossible due to the lack of appropriate forms, English uses alternative expressions, as in the following examples:

Be able to instead of can:

(4) Bill has never been able to drive a car.

(5) We hope to be able to solve this problem in the future.

(6) Being able to solve simultaneous equations is useful for a number of reasons.

Be allowed to instead of can/may (expressing permission)

(7) Mary has never been allowed to listen to jazz music.

(8) To be allowed to enter the competition every contestant must have a clean medical record.

(9) Everyone was required to pay a special tax before being allowed to vote.

The fact that modals have no inflected forms in the present tense make them useful for non-native speakers who often experience difficulties with Subject-Verb agreement. Thus, as the following illustrates, the present tense form can is used for all subjects, whereas other auxiliaries, like be, and main verbs, like hate, vary in form.

1.3 ANALYSIS 

1. Technology nowadays has a fast development, one of them was facial recognition technology which is currently being a technology trend that is widely developed by many technology companies.

           analysis:

○       Main verb                             : developed

○       Helping Verb / Auxiliary   : is widely developed

 

2.  This technology is claimed to have many benefits such as for the security of mobile devices, as in this case, the permissions on smartphones, access bank accounts, or other privacy that related with digital things.

            analysis:

○       Main verb                             : claimed

○       Helping Verb / Auxiliary   : is claimed

3.  Not only can be used for digital transactions or privacy security, this technology has many benefits that can be applied in many fields.

analysis:

○       Main verb             : used

                               : applied

○       Modal Auxiliary    : can be used

                                          : can be applied

 

4. For example in China, they have used facial recognition technology for registered the young men and young women who would married.

            analysis:

○       Main verb                            : used

                                                        : married

○       Helping Verb / Auxiliary   : have used

○       Modal Auxiliary                  : would married

5. This technology is named "Chongqing marriage and Adltion Registration Management Center or CMARMC".

            analysis:

○       Main verb                             : named

○       Helping Verb / Auxiliary      : is named

6. With the existence of this technology, the citizen who will going to married and get a marriage certificate will be facilitated without having to carry lot of documents that used as a requirement to register.

            analysis:

○       Main verb                             : going

     : facilitated

○       Modal Auxiliary                  : will going

○       Modal Auxiliary                  : will be facilitated

7. It is also possible that this technology is designed to avoid crimes that lodge marriage documents by faking their identity only to get a marriage certificate with easy, because although the registrants has a facial surgery or they are twins, their identity still can be detected by the system.

            analysis:

○       Main verb                             : designed

     : detected

○       Helping Verb / Auxiliary    : is designed

○       Modal Auxiliary                  : can be detected

 

8. This could be categorized as a movement by the Chinese government to improve their E-Government services.

            analysis:

○       Main verb                             : categorized

○       Modal Auxiliary                  : could be categorized

9. This system was developed by NEC Corp, which is used as a good security system to reduce the problem of ID loss or ID card faking to entering the Olympics event.

            analysis:

○       Main verb                        : developed

: used

○       Helping Verb / Auxiliary   : was developed

                        : is used

 

10. In my opinion, the existence of this system will accelerate the access for having in and out of the athletes, officers, and or the presses who want to going to various places in the Olympic places to record that event.

            analysis:

○       Main verb                             : accelerate

○       Modal Auxiliary                  : will accelerate

11. Because the system will certainly record all the faces of an athlete, an Olympic officer, or a press that will going back and forth at the Olympic places with storing their face record into the database, so that the chances of people unregistered in the Olympic activities are legally entitled, has reduced. 

analysis:

○       Main verb                             : record

     : entitled

      : reduced

○       Helping Verb / Auxiliary   : are legally entitled

                                                : has reduced

○       Modal Auxiliary                  : will certainly record

12. This application of facial recognition is possibly followed by many developing countries to apply this technology to various fields, not only for the Olympic field.

            analysis:

○       Main verb                           : followed

○       Helping Verb / Auxiliary   : is possibly followed

 

13. Moreover, in 2014 NEC Corp technology named NeoFace became a public discussion because they have helped the Chicago police of United States of America to tracking some criminal suspects.

            analysis:

○       Main verb                             : helped

○       Helping Verb / Auxiliary   : have helped

 

14. With some of public conversations above, in my opinion, the development of facial recognition will be intensified to be a new good and accurate security or replace the existing security systems at this time, like fingerprint.

            analysis:

○       Main verb                             : intensified

○       Modal Auxiliary                  : will be intensified

15. As developed by FaceFirst, Inc. They are currently developing facial recognition technology as very well.

analysis:

○       Main verb                             : developing

○       Helping Verb / Auxiliary   : are currently developing

 

16. They have conducted some trials related to their facial recognition technology at the national airport of Los Angeles, United States.

analysis:

○       Main verb                             : conducted

○       Helping Verb / Auxiliary   : have conducted

17. So, I think this technology has a positive impact for use in airports, because with this technology, even if you change the appearance (or disguise) to do things for harm many people, you are still can be detected properly, accurately, and quickly.

analysis:

○       Main verb                             : detected

○       Modal Auxiliary                  : can be detected

  

18. Many people have expressed their concerns about this, they worried that the law enforcement or government will use this technology and make they have no more privacy.

analysis:

○       Main verb                             : expressed

      : use

○       Helping Verb / Auxiliary   : have expressed

○       Modal Auxiliary                  : will use

19. In my opinion, all the technologies that have been discovered surely have a negative side that can be misused by some people.

analysis:

○       Main verb                             : discovered

      : misused

○       Helping Verb / Auxiliary     : have been discovered

○       Modal Auxiliary                  : can be misused

 

20. However, using this technology for the security purpose like FaceFirst, Inc. and NEC Corp has done, with the supervision by the governments with good and usable usage maybe can reduce the concerns or anxiety of people to protect their privacy.

analysis:

○       Main verb                             : done

     : reduce

○       Helping Verb / Auxiliary    : has done

○       Modal Auxiliary                  : can reduce  

1.4    CONCLUSION

From the background above the facial recognition technology is much to benefit from its development, among others, the offer feature is faster and superior because the process is done accurately, quickly, and practically. This technology has been applied to an airport service for security reasons and also at an Olympics in Japan. There is also applied as the Chinese state government's step as the development of their E-Government facility. But behind so many benefits there is little concern from many people about their privacy. They are afraid that their data or their identity is used by law enforcers or some other people to commit deviant acts.

REFERENCES :

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[2] DetikCom. 2017. Olimpiade Tokyo bakal Pakai Teknologi Pengenalan Wajah. Diambil dari : http://www.jasakom.com/olimpiade-tokyo-bakal-pakai-teknologi-pengenalan-wajah (17 Maret 2018)

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[4] TempoCo. 2017. Berbahayakah Teknologi Pengenalan Wajah? Ini Penjelasan Facebook. Diambil dari : https://www.msn.com/id-id/berita/teknologidansains/berbahayakah-teknologi-pengenalan-wajah-ini-penjelasan-facebook/ar-BBHcpEh (17 Maret 2018)

[5] Awelu. 2011. Verb Pharese. Diambil dari  : http://awelu.srv.lu.se/grammar-and-words/selective-mini-grammar/verb-phrases/ (23 Maret 2018)