Facial
Recognition Development
1.1 Background
Technology nowadays has a fast
development, one of them was facial
recognition technology which is currently being a technology trend that is
widely developed by many technology companies. This technology is claimed to
have many benefits such as for the security of mobile devices, as in this case,
the permissions on smartphones, access bank accounts, or other privacy that
related with digital things. Face Recognition offered some features with faster
and more superior features of fingerprint because the process is accurate,
fast, and practical.
Not
only can be used for digital transactions or privacy security, this technology
has many benefits that can be applied in many fields. For example in China,
they have used facial recognition technology for registered the young men and
young women who would married. This technology is named "Chongqing marriage
and Adltion Registration Management Center or CMARMC". This technology
works for the identification of the person and the household registration by
recording the face of the registrants. If the system already records the
registrant's face, the system automatically checks the information from the
bureau of public security database [1]. In my opinion, this application of
facial recognition technology is fairly unique and good. With the existence of
this technology, the citizen who will going to married and get a marriage
certificate will be facilitated without having to carry lot of documents that
used as a requirement to register. It is also possible that this technology is
designed to avoid crimes that lodge marriage documents by faking their identity
only to get a marriage certificate with easy, because although the registrants
has a facial surgery or they are twins, their identity still can be detected by
the system. This could be categorized as a movement by the Chinese government
to improve their E-Government services. Due to the existence of this system,
their citizen become easier to get the best service of their government.
There
are also other fields that used this facial recognition technology, that in the
Olympic field. For example in Japan, they applied this facial recognition
system to the Olympic event. This system was developed by NEC Corp, which is
used as a good security system to reduce the problem of ID loss or ID card
faking to entering the Olympics event. In my opinion, the existence of this
system will accelerate the access for having in and out of the athletes,
officers, and or the presses who want to going to various places in the Olympic
places to record that event [2]. I think, this system can also help reduce the
risk of crime. Because the system will certainly record all the faces of an
athlete, an Olympic officer, or a press that will going back and forth at the
Olympic places with storing their face record into the database, so that the
chances of people unregistered in the Olympic activities are legally entitled,
has reduced. This application of facial recognition is possibly followed by
many developing countries to apply this technology to various fields, not only
for the Olympic field. Moreover, in 2014 NEC Corp technology named NeoFace
became a public discussion because they have helped the Chicago police of
United States of America to tracking some criminal suspects.
With
some of public conversations above, in my opinion, the development of facial
recognition will be intensified to be a new good and accurate security or
replace the existing security systems at this time, like fingerprint. As
developed by FaceFirst, Inc. They are currently developing facial recognition
technology as very well. They have conducted some trials related to their
facial recognition technology at the national airport of Los Angeles, United
States. This program worked by taking photographs of passenger faces while they
were on the road or caught by camera of CCTV and compare with the photos that
contained in their passport. So, I think this technology has a positive impact
for use in airports, because with this technology, even if you change the
appearance (or disguise) to do things for harm many people, you are still can
be detected properly, accurately, and quickly.
But,
behind the easy and excellent security that provided by this facial recognition
technology, That does not mean that out there, there are many things that have
a negative impact or tend to be misused by some people. Many people have expressed
their concerns about this, they worried that the law enforcement or government
will use this technology and make they have no more privacy. There also some
people that concerned about the potential for racial bias from the use of this
technology because facial recognition systems will tend to misidentify or fail
to identify persons of black races [4]. In my opinion, all the technologies
that have been discovered surely have a negative side that can be misused by
some people. However, using this technology for the security purpose like
FaceFirst, Inc. and NEC Corp has done, with the supervision by the governments
with good and usable usage maybe can reduce the concerns or anxiety of people
to protect their privacy.
1.2 THEORY
In English, the verb phrase is the locus of a
wealth of information about the events, states, processes, etc. that a clause
or sentence denotes. A verb phrase referring to an event, for example, may
contain information about such crucial elements of meaning as whether we know the
event to have happened, when the event took place, whether or not the event was
completed, and other similar aspects of meaning.
ELEMENTS IN
THE VERB PHRASE
The verb phrase consists exclusively of verbs.
In most verb phrases, one verb, called the main verb, carries information about
what kind of event, activity, state, etc. the verb phrase refers to. Other
verbs in the verb phrase, called auxiliary verbs, contribute additional
perspectives on the meaning of the verb phrase, relating, for example, to time
and modality (possibility, necessity, volition, prediction). The following
example illustrates the structure of a typical verb phrase.
Could
|
Have
|
Occured
|
Auxiliary
|
Auxiliary
|
Main verb
|
The main verb is the head of the verb phrase,
just as a noun or pronoun is the head of a noun phrase.
In a verb phrase with more than one verb, the
main verb always comes last.
In verb phrases that are marked for tense
(present or past) the tense inflection is always attached to the first verb in
the verb phrase. In the example above, the first auxiliary could is a past
tense form (can would be the present tense form).
Not all verb phrases are marked for tense,
however. Those that contain no present or past tense verb forms are referred to
as non-finite verb phrases. Examples include infinitival verb phrases, and verb
phrases introduced by present or past participles (-ing and -ed forms). The
following clauses all start with a non-finite verb phrase.
(1) To
guarantee maximum security all user keys must be safely stored.
(2)
Having established peace throughout the region, the army returned to Rome.
(3)
Blinded by his misunderstanding of the data, Professor Jones refused to change
his attitude towards more recent theories.
AUXILIARY
VERBS
Auxiliary verbs offer a variety of perspectives
on the event, state, etc. denoted by the main verb in the verb phrase.
Traditionally, auxiliary verbs are divided into three subclasses; primary
auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, and marginal (or semi-) auxiliary
verbs. The division is based partly on meaning and partly on grammatical
properties of the three types.
In addition to altering the meaning of a verb
phrase, auxiliary verbs also play two important purely grammatical roles in
English. First, they are necessary for forming clauses negated by not. Thus,
when used to negate a clause, not must be placed immediately after an auxiliary
verb, as illustrated in the following examples (with the verb phrases
highlighted):
(1) Bill will leave very early in the morning.
(2) Bill will not leave very early in the
morning.
If no auxiliary is present, English requires the
insertion of do to fulfil this requirement:
(3) Bill liked his mother's new coat.
(impossible: *Bill liked not his mother's new
coat.)
(4) Bill did not like his mother's new coat.
The second important grammatical role of
auxiliaries is to switch places with the grammatical subject in most types of
questions, as in the following examples, where Bill functions as the subject.
(5) Bill will leave very early in the morning.
(6) Will Bill leave early in the morning?
(7) When will Bill leave?
Again, if no auxiliary is present, English
requires the insertion of a form of the verb do to form these types of
questions:
(8) Bill liked his mother's new coat.
(9) Did Bill like his mother's new coat?
(10) What did Bill like?
MODAL
AUXILIARY VERBS
Modal auxiliary verbs express meanings such as
obligation, possibility, necessity, etc., which reflect somebody's (often the
writer's) attitudes towards the state, event, etc. expressed by the verb
phrase. Often, it is difficult to pinpoint the exact type of meaning conveyed
by a modal auxiliary, as different types of meaning may be present
simultaneously. For example, among other things, the modal can may be used to
express ability and possibility, as in the following examples:
(1) Bill can swim. (i.e. 'Bill has the ability
to swim')
(2) The door can only be opened with a special
key. (i.e. 'it is only possible to open the door with a special key')
Fairly often, however, it is difficult to claim
that only one of these meaning is expressed:
(3) I can drive you to the airport tomorrow. ('I
have the ability to drive you, e.g.
because I have a driver's licence' or 'It is possible for me to drive
you, e.g. because I am free at the appropriate time')
Grammatical properties of modal auxiliaries
In addition to the the properties shared by all
auxiliaries, modals are characterized by the following:
●
Modals have no
non-finite forms (i.e. they have no infinitival or participial forms).
●
Modals have no inflected
forms in the present tense (in particular, they have no 3rd person -s ending).
The fact that modals have no non-finite form
limits the possibility to combine them with other auxiliaries. For example,
they do not occur as the second verb in the perfect, in contrast with other
auxiliaries, like be:
(3) *Bill has never could drive a car. (cf. Bill
has never been kissed.)
In cases where a modal auxiliary is impossible
due to the lack of appropriate forms, English uses alternative expressions, as
in the following examples:
Be able to instead of can:
(4) Bill has never been able to drive a car.
(5) We hope to be able to solve this problem in
the future.
(6) Being able to solve simultaneous equations
is useful for a number of reasons.
Be allowed to instead of can/may (expressing
permission)
(7) Mary has never been allowed to listen to
jazz music.
(8) To be allowed
to enter the competition every contestant must have a clean medical record.
(9) Everyone was
required to pay a special tax before being allowed to vote.
The fact that modals have no inflected forms in
the present tense make them useful for non-native speakers who often experience
difficulties with Subject-Verb agreement. Thus, as the following illustrates,
the present tense form can is used for all subjects, whereas other auxiliaries,
like be, and main verbs, like hate, vary in form.
1.3 ANALYSIS
- Technology nowadays has a fast development, one of them was facial recognition technology which is currently being a technology trend that is widely developed by many technology companies.
analysis:
○ Main verb : developed
○
Helping
Verb / Auxiliary : is widely developed
2. This technology is claimed to have many benefits such as for the security of mobile
devices, as in this case, the permissions on smartphones, access bank accounts,
or other privacy that related with digital things.
analysis:
○ Main verb : claimed
○
Helping
Verb / Auxiliary : is claimed
3. Not only can be used for digital transactions or privacy security, this
technology has many benefits that can be
applied in many fields.
analysis:
○ Main verb : used
:
applied
○ Modal Auxiliary : can be used
:
can be applied
4. For example in China, they have used facial recognition technology
for registered the young men and young women who would married.
analysis:
○ Main verb : used
:
married
○ Helping Verb / Auxiliary : have used
○
Modal
Auxiliary : would married
5. This technology is named "Chongqing marriage and Adltion Registration
Management Center or CMARMC".
analysis:
○ Main verb : named
○
Helping
Verb / Auxiliary : is named
6. With the existence of this
technology, the citizen who will going
to married and get a marriage certificate will
be facilitated without having to carry lot of documents that used as a
requirement to register.
analysis:
○ Main verb : going
: facilitated
○ Modal Auxiliary : will going
○
Modal
Auxiliary : will be
facilitated
7. It is also possible that this
technology is designed to avoid
crimes that lodge marriage documents by faking their identity only to get a
marriage certificate with easy, because although the registrants has a facial
surgery or they are twins, their identity still can be detected by the system.
analysis:
○ Main verb : designed
: detected
○ Helping Verb / Auxiliary : is designed
○
Modal
Auxiliary : can be
detected
8. This could be categorized as a movement by the Chinese government to
improve their E-Government services.
analysis:
○ Main verb : categorized
○
Modal
Auxiliary : could be
categorized
9. This system was developed by NEC Corp, which is used as a good security system to reduce the problem of ID loss
or ID card faking to entering the Olympics event.
analysis:
○ Main verb : developed
: used
○ Helping Verb / Auxiliary : was developed
:
is used
10. In my opinion, the existence of this
system will accelerate the access
for having in and out of the athletes, officers, and or the presses who want to
going to various places in the Olympic places to record that event.
analysis:
○ Main verb : accelerate
○
Modal
Auxiliary : will
accelerate
11. Because the system will certainly record all the faces of
an athlete, an Olympic officer, or a press that will going back and forth at
the Olympic places with storing their face record into the database, so that
the chances of people unregistered in the Olympic activities are legally entitled, has reduced.
analysis:
○ Main verb : record
: entitled
: reduced
○ Helping Verb / Auxiliary : are legally entitled
:
has reduced
○
Modal
Auxiliary : will
certainly record
12. This application of facial
recognition is possibly followed by
many developing countries to apply this technology to various fields, not only
for the Olympic field.
analysis:
○ Main verb : followed
○ Helping Verb / Auxiliary : is possibly followed
13. Moreover, in 2014 NEC Corp technology
named NeoFace became a public discussion because they have helped the Chicago police of United States of America to
tracking some criminal suspects.
analysis:
○ Main verb : helped
○
Helping
Verb / Auxiliary : have helped
14. With some of public conversations
above, in my opinion, the development of facial recognition will be intensified to be a new good
and accurate security or replace the existing security systems at this time,
like fingerprint.
analysis:
○ Main verb : intensified
○
Modal
Auxiliary : will be
intensified
15. As developed by FaceFirst, Inc. They are currently developing facial
recognition technology as very well.
analysis:
○ Main verb : developing
○
Helping
Verb / Auxiliary : are currently
developing
16. They have conducted some trials related to their facial recognition
technology at the national airport of Los Angeles, United States.
analysis:
○ Main verb : conducted
○ Helping Verb / Auxiliary : have conducted
17. So, I think this technology has a
positive impact for use in airports, because with this technology, even if you
change the appearance (or disguise) to do things for harm many people, you are
still can be detected properly,
accurately, and quickly.
analysis:
○ Main verb : detected
○
Modal
Auxiliary : can be
detected
18. Many people have expressed their concerns about this, they worried that the law
enforcement or government will use
this technology and make they have no more privacy.
analysis:
○ Main verb : expressed
: use
○ Helping Verb / Auxiliary : have expressed
○
Modal
Auxiliary : will use
19. In my opinion, all the technologies
that have been discovered surely
have a negative side that can be misused
by some people.
analysis:
○ Main verb : discovered
: misused
○ Helping Verb / Auxiliary : have been discovered
○
Modal
Auxiliary : can be
misused
20. However, using this technology for
the security purpose like FaceFirst, Inc. and NEC Corp has done, with the supervision by the governments with good and
usable usage maybe can reduce the
concerns or anxiety of people to protect their privacy.
analysis:
○ Main verb : done
: reduce
○ Helping Verb / Auxiliary : has done
○
Modal
Auxiliary : can reduce
1.4 CONCLUSION
From the background above the facial recognition
technology is much to benefit from its development, among others, the offer
feature is faster and superior because the process is done accurately, quickly,
and practically. This technology has been applied to an airport service for
security reasons and also at an Olympics in Japan. There is also applied as the
Chinese state government's step as the development of their E-Government
facility. But behind so many benefits there is little concern from many people
about their privacy. They are afraid that their data or their identity is used
by law enforcers or some other people to commit deviant acts.
REFERENCES :
[1] Chozanah, Rosiana. 2018. Teknologi Pengenalan Wajah di Cina, Daftar
Nikah Jadi Lebih Mudah Moms. Diambil dari : http://nakita.grid.id/read/0223060/teknologi-pengenalan-wajah-di-cina-daftar-nikah-jadi-lebih-mudah-moms?page=all. (17 Maret 2018)
[2] DetikCom. 2017. Olimpiade Tokyo bakal Pakai Teknologi Pengenalan Wajah. Diambil
dari : http://www.jasakom.com/olimpiade-tokyo-bakal-pakai-teknologi-pengenalan-wajah (17 Maret 2018)
[3] Liputan6. 2018. Teknologi Pengenalan Wajah Semakin Canggih. Diambil dari :
http://tekno.liputan6.com/read/3362449/video-teknologi-pengenalan-wajah-semakin-canggih
(17 Maret 2018)
[4] TempoCo. 2017. Berbahayakah Teknologi Pengenalan Wajah? Ini Penjelasan Facebook.
Diambil dari : https://www.msn.com/id-id/berita/teknologidansains/berbahayakah-teknologi-pengenalan-wajah-ini-penjelasan-facebook/ar-BBHcpEh
(17 Maret 2018)
[5]
Awelu. 2011. Verb Pharese. Diambil
dari :
http://awelu.srv.lu.se/grammar-and-words/selective-mini-grammar/verb-phrases/
(23 Maret 2018)
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